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1.
Braz. J. Pharm. Sci. (Online) ; 54(2): e17226, 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-951940

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Lippia origanoides is a honey shrub which has showed hypotensive potential assessed by in vivo studies. The aim of this work is the development of a pharmaceutical formulation composed by an optimized extract obtained from aerial parts of L. origanoides. The quantification of the naringenin marker in the dry extract and tablets developed was performed, as well as the assessment of the oral acute toxicity in rats. The hydroalcoholic extract of L. origanoides was spray-dried with the addition of colloidal silicon dioxide (Lo-HAE/CSD), and then applied in the preparation of eight different lots of tablets. The influence of the diluent (cellulose or babassu mesocarp), the presence of binder, and the percentage of lubricant, as well as organoleptic and physicochemical characteristics were screened. For the quantification of the marker content both in Lo-HAE/CSD and in the tablets, an analytical curve of the naringenin standard was fitted, and the samples were then analyzed in UFLC. The toxicological assessment was performed in female Wistar rats according to the Acute Toxic Class Method from OECD. The developed tablets produced meet acceptable macroscopic characteristics, and the presence of babassu as diluent provided improved physicochemical properties. The best content of Lo-HAE/CSD in the tablet (100.27%) was identified for the lot containing babassu, composed by 1.0% magnesium stearate, without PVP binder in its formulation. Moreover, Lo-HAE/CSD showed no signs of toxicity. Therefore, the babassu mesocarp powder is a promising pharmaceutical excipient for the development of herbal tablets containing the Lippia origanoides extract.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Rats , Tablets/pharmacology , Lippia , Drug Compounding/statistics & numerical data , Plant Extracts , Verbenaceae/classification
2.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-758418

ABSTRACT

A reparação de feridas constitui um processo complexo, que envolve fatores externos e internos do tecido local, seguindo fases que vão desde a proliferação celular, passando pela angiogênese até o fechamento total da ferida com a reepitelização, A quitosana e a fototerapia por luz emitida por diodo (LED? Light Emiting Diode) são duas terapias que estimulam o reparo tecidual, O presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar revisão bibliográfica acerca dos efeitos cicatricial do LED e da Quitosana de forma isolada e associada, Uma busca na literatura foi realizada utilizando uma variedade de fontes, incluindo base de dados on line, A busca em bancos de dados possibilitou a seleção de 15 artigos sobre o efeito do LED na cicatrização e 17 artigos sobre os efeitos cicatrizantes da quitosana, Não foram encontrados nesta revisão artigos que relatassem a associação dos dois procedimentos na cicatrização, Os artigos analisados mostram os efeitos positivos e isolados do LED e de compostos à base de quitosana na aceleração do processo cicatricial, Observou-se falta de padronização nos estudos quanto as variáveis analisadas, Sugerem-se novos estudos que avaliem a eficácia da associação dos dois procedimentos: LED e Quitosana...


The wound repair is a complex process that involves external and internal factors of the local tissue following phases which goes from cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and complete wound closure with reepithelization. Chitosan and light emitting diode (LED) are two therapies that stimulate tissue repair. The aim of this work was to review the literature on the healing effects of these therapies either together or separately. A search was performed using various sources of information, including online databases. The search allowed the selection of 15 papers about the LED effect in healing and 17 about healing effects of chitosan. It was not found information about the combined effect of the two treatments in healing. The content of the studies confirmed the positive effects of LED and chitosan isolated therapies accelerating the wound healing. It was verified a lack of standardization in the studies and the analyzed variables. It is suggested further studies to evaluate the efficacy of the associating of both LED and Chitosan procedures...


Subject(s)
Biocompatible Materials , Phototherapy/methods , Lasers, Semiconductor , Chitosan/therapeutic use , Wound Healing
3.
Rev. latinoam. enferm ; 23(2): 267-274, Feb-Apr/2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, BDENF | ID: lil-747158

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: to analyze nursing care provided to cancer patients with oral mucositis based on the Nursing Process (NP). METHOD: this exploratory, descriptive, cross-sectional and quantitative study was conducted with 213 patients undergoing chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy in two cancer facilities: one philanthropic and one private service. RESULTS: the participants were mainly female, aged 45.8 years old on average, with up to 11 years of schooling and income of up to one times the minimum wage. Severe mucositis was related to chemotherapy associated with radiotherapy. Only 25.3% of the patients reported having received guidance from nurses during their treatment concerning self-care. The perceptions of patients regarding quality of care did not significantly differ between the private and public facilities. The basic human needs mainly affected were comfort, eating, and hygiene. Based on this finding, one NP was established listing the diagnoses, interventions and expected results to establish an ideal, though individualized, standard of nursing care to be provided to these patients. CONCLUSION: to understand oral mucositis is crucial to establish nursing care that includes prevention based on the implementation of an oral care plan. .


OBJETIVO: analisar o cuidado de enfermagem ao paciente oncológico com mucosite oral, pautado no Processo de Enfermagem (PE). MÉTODO: estudo exploratório descritivo, transversal e quantitativo, realizado com 213 pacientes submetidos à quimioterapia e/ou radioterapia em dois serviços de oncologia, um filantrópico e outro privado. RESULTADOS: os sujeitos eram majoritariamente do sexo feminino, com média de idade de 45,8 anos, possuíam até 11 anos de estudo e renda básica de até um salário mínimo. As formas graves de mucosite detectadas relacionaram-se à quimiorradiação. Somente 25,3% dos pacientes relevaram ter recebido orientações de enfermeiros durante o tratamento e sem, conforme concepção dos pacientes, diferença significativa na qualidade da assistência de enfermagem entre serviços públicos e privados. As principais necessidades humanas básicas afetadas nos pacientes relacionaram-se aos componentes conforto, alimentação e higiene. A partir disso, delimitou-se um PE elencando diagnósticos, intervenções e resultados esperados, a fim de se estabelecer um padrão ideal, porém individualizante, de assistência de enfermagem a estes pacientes. CONCLUSÃO: conhecer a afecção mucosite oral é precípuo para formulação de uma assistência de enfermagem que vislumbre a prevenção, a partir da instituição de um plano de cuidados orais. .


OBJETIVO: analizar el cuidado de enfermería para el paciente oncológico con mucositis oral, guiado por el Proceso de Enfermería (PE). MÉTODO: estudio exploratorio descriptivo, transversal y cuantitativo, realizado con 213 pacientes sometidos a quimioterapia y/o radioterapia en dos servicios de oncología, uno filantrópico y el otro privado. RESULTADOS: los sujetos eran en su mayoría del sexo femenino, con promedio de edad de 45,8 años, poseían hasta 11 años de estudio y renta básica de hasta un salario mínimo. Las formas graves de mucositis detectadas se relacionaron a la quimiorradiación. Solamente 25,3% de los pacientes relevaron haber recibido orientaciones de enfermeros durante el tratamiento y sin, conforme concepción de los pacientes, diferencia significativa en la calidad de la asistencia de enfermería entre servicios públicos y privados. Las principales necesidades humanas básicas afectadas en los pacientes se relacionaron a los componentes confort, alimentación e higiene. A partir de eso, se delimitó un PE incluyendo diagnósticos, intervenciones y resultados esperados, con la finalidad de establecer un estándar ideal, sin embargo individualizado, de asistencia de enfermería para estos pacientes. CONCLUSIÓN: conocer la enfermedad mucositis oral es primordial para la formulación de una asistencia de enfermería que objetive la prevención, a partir de la institución de un plan de cuidados orales. .


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced , Survivors , Stomach Neoplasms/etiology , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Case-Control Studies , Confidence Intervals , Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation , Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/pathology , Odds Ratio , Radiotherapy Dosage , Risk , Registries/statistics & numerical data , Stomach Neoplasms/pathology
4.
Rev. bras. hipertens ; 19(2): 45-50, abr.-jun.2012.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-881737

ABSTRACT

Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o armazenamento e o uso de medicamentos em domicílios em uma população de hipertensos através de um levantamento quantitativo. Trinta hipertensos entre 30 e 59 anos acompanhados por equipes da Estratégia de Saúde da Família de Teresina (PI), foram avaliados. O formulário de pesquisa incluiu coleta de dados demográficos e socioeconômicos, hábitos cotidianos relacionados a cuidados com saúde, condições de uso e armazenamento dos medicamentos. Os principais medicamentos em uso para hipertensão foram os agentes do sistema renina-angiotensina e os diuréticos. A droga mais encontrada nas residências, a dipirona, 8,6%, possui interação com as mais utilizadas na hipertensão. Quanto ao armazenamento de medicamentos foi verificado 75,5% de ausência da bula, além 35% de escolha de locais com temperatura inadequada para guarda. Nosso estudo mostrou uma porcentagem significativa de problemas relacionados a padrões de armazenamento e uso de medicamentos em pacientes hipertensos, evidenciando, assim, a necessidade de intervenções nesses pontos, visando seu uso racional.


This study aimed to evaluate the home storage and use of drugs in a hypertensive population through a quantitative survey in its households. Thirty hypertensive patients between 30 and 59 years followed by teams of the "Family health Strategy" of Teresina, Piauí, were evaluated. The data collection was performed by a questionnaire which included demographic and socioeconomic factors, lifestyle habits related to health care, conditions of use and storage of medicines. The main medications used for hypertension were the agents of the renin-angiotensin system and diuretics. The most commonly drug found at homes, dipyrone or metamizole, 8.6%, has an interaction with the most commonly drugs used in hypertension. The storage had no drug leaflet in 75,5% and was done in locations with inadequate temperature in 35%. Our study showed a significant percentage of problems related to storage and use of medications in hypertensive patients, supporting the need for interventions in this point targeting their rational use.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Hypertension , Medication Therapy Management , Polypharmacy
5.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 9(3)july-sept. 2011. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-604954

ABSTRACT

Objective: To identify and analyze the presence of antinutritional factors in possible interactions between medications and foods/nutrients of the diets prescribed for patients of the Hospital Regional Justino Luz, in the city of Picos (PI) in order to suggest their likely mechanisms. Methods: The sample was made up of 120 medical records of hospitalized patients. The charts were analyzed to verify the presence or absence of interactions between medications and foods/nutrients of the diets prescribed to the patients at the Hospital Regional Justino Luz, emphasizing the action of antinutritional factors in these interactions. Results: Of the 189 medications prescribed, 128 (67.7%) had a possible interaction with food, totaling up 98 possible interactions between nutrients/foods and medications. Therefore, 20 (20.4%), 12 (12.2%) and 11 (11.2%) possible interactions were identified with captopril, acetylsalicylic acid and spironolactone, respectively, representing, in this order, the greatest frequencies of possible interactions among drugs and foods. A total of nine antinutritional factors were found in seven vegetable foods prescribed to inpatients, in which five (55.6%) were capable of interacting with the medications. Phytates and tannins had the largest quantity of possible interactions with drugs, each with 4 (26.7%) in a total of 15 interactions. The medications aluminum hydroxide, digoxin, and paracetamol attained greater probability of interaction with antinutrients, with 5 (33.3%), 3 (20%) and 3 (20%) interactions, respectively. Conclusion: Due to the large quantity of antinutritional factors capable of interacting with drugs prescribed for inpatients, the involvement of a multiprofessional team is indispensable so that these possible interactions between foods, antinutritional factors and drugs might be foreseen, detected, and resolved.


Subject(s)
Biochemical Phenomena , Food , Food-Drug Interactions , Pharmaceutical Preparations
6.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 15(supl.3): 3517-3522, nov. 2010. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-566023

ABSTRACT

Abordar epidemiologicamente o uso de medicamentos impõe reconhecer que tal prática não se limita a fatores farmacoterapêuticos. O armazenamento adequado e a preservação de medicamentos são fatores fundamentais para a sua eficácia. O presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar a forma de armazenamento/uso de medicamentos em uma comunidade atendida pelo Programa/Estratégia Saúde da Família no município de Cristino Castro (PI), bem como o grau de conhecimento a respeito dos medicamentos mantidos sob sua guarda. Os dados foram obtidos em visitas domiciliares a 52 famílias, a partir de observações e da aplicação de um questionário. Observaram-se baixa renda e baixa escolaridade da população, fatores agravantes na efetiva orientação terapêutica e acesso aos fármacos. Elevado percentual dos medicamentos estocados é adquirido sem prescrição. Destacamos a classe dos antimicrobianos, reforçando o perigo da automedicação. 62 por cento dos responsáveis pela guarda não possuem a orientação mínima para assegurar o uso racional, e 66 por cento não tem ciência da toxicidade. 54,10 por cento dos medicamentos estavam ao alcance de crianças e animais domésticos e 15,92 por cento não possuíam rótulo ou qualquer identificação. Algumas famílias mantêm em estoque medicações básicas, outras acumulam um "arsenal terapêutico".


To approach the epidemiological use of medicines is necessary to recognize that such practice is not strictly limited to pharmacotherapy. The appropriate storage and the preservation of medicines are fundamental factors for effectiveness. This study was aimed at verifying the storage form/use of medicines in a community assisted by the Family Health Program in the district of Cristino Castro (PI, Brazil), as well as the level of the people's knowledge regarding drugs storage at home. The data were obtained visiting 52 families, starting with observations and applying a questionnaire. It was observed a low income and education levels, a fact that contributes in the effective therapeutic orientation. High percentage of the stored medicines is acquired without prescription. It is worth of mention the presence of a big amount of antimicrobial, reinforcing the danger of the self medication. 62 percent of those who take care of drugs have no information about their rational use, and 66 percent are not conscious of the toxicity. 54.10 percent of the medicines were at children's and domestic animals reach and 15.92 percent didn't possess label or any identification. Some families maintain in stock, basic medications, another accumulate a "therapeutic arsenal".


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Middle Aged , Family Characteristics , Family Health , Government Programs , Self Medication/statistics & numerical data , Brazil , Drug Storage/statistics & numerical data
7.
Rev. bras. farmacogn ; 19(2b): 524-529, abr.-jun. 2009. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-531819

ABSTRACT

A própolis é uma substância resinosa coletada pelas abelhas de diversas partes das plantas. Sua composição depende da época, vegetação e local de coleta. Apresenta diversas atividades biológicas como antimicrobiana, antioxidante, antitumoral, dentre outras. Foi realizado estudo da variabilidade sazonal, nos meses de fevereiro, junho e outubro de 2006, dos constituintes voláteis da própolis vermelha de Pernambuco através da extração por headspace dinâmico e identificação por cromatografia gasosa acoplada com espectrometria de massas (CG-EM). Foram identificados 34 constituintes voláteis, sendo monoterpenos e monoterpenóides, sesquiterpenos e sesquiterpenóides, fenilpropanóides, aldeídos, cetonas e η-alcanos. Os constituintes majoritários foram o trans-anetol, α-copaeno e o metil cis-isoeugenol. Também foi realizado o perfil fitoquímico por cromatografia em camada delgada (CCD), através da qual os constituintes fenólicos foram identificados como majoritários. Com o extrato bruto metanólico da própolis, realizou-se o ensaio de letalidade em Artemia salina, que demonstrou DL50 de 18,9 µg/mL, sugerindo uma possível atividade antitumoral.


Propolis is a resinous hive product collected by honeybees from plant sources. The composition of the propolis depends on the season, the vegetation, and the area of collection. It presents a diverse biological activities such as antimicrobial, antioxidant and antitumoral. The seasonal variability of the red propolis constituents from Pernambuco State were accomplished in the months of February, June and October of 2006. The volatile red propolis constituients were captured by the dynamic headspace technique and analyzed by GC-MS. In the analysis of the samples, 34 constituents were identified as the mono and sesquiterpens, phenylpropanoids, aldehydes, cetons and n-alcanes, presenting as majority constituents the trans-anethol, α-copaene and methyl cis-isoeugenol. The phytochemistry profile was performed by thin layer chromatography (TLC). Through this technique the majority constituents were identified as phenols. The Brine shrimp bioassay was used to evaluate of the red propolis methanolic extract, which demonstrated a DL50 of 18.9 µg/mL and an activity antitumoral was possibly suggested.

8.
Acta sci., Health sci ; 28(1): 49-55, jan.-jun. 2006. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-485574

ABSTRACT

A osteoporose é uma doença que afeta um número significativo de pessoas no mundo todo, em especial nos países subdesenvolvidos. Nesse contexto, o pó de concha de ostra, que constitui uma fonte de cálcio, aparece como uma oportunidade de utilizar os recursos naturais da região litorânea brasileira, na suplementação alimentar de sua população. O estudo se propôs a aproveitar essa fonte natural de cálcio, incorporando-a na forma farmacêutica comprimido. O estudo foi desenvolvido em duas etapas, a primeira com a otimização da matéria-prima a partir de conchas de ostra, desde o processo de seleção até a transformação da concha de ostra em pó, com caracterização físico-química e pré-formulação desse pó. A segunda etapa foi a obtenção dos comprimidos desde o desenvolvimento até os ensaios de liodisponibilidade comparativa. Os estudos de pré-formulação e o planejamento fatorial dos excipientes (aglutinante, lubrificante e desintegrante) permitiram obter com economia e performance comprimidos com liodisponibilidade semelhante à referência Os-cal®.


Osteoporosis is a disease that affects a significant number of people in the world, particularly in developing countries. In this context, the powder of oyster shells, found to be a calcium source, emerges as one opportunity to use the natural resources from the Brazilian coast region for alimentary supplementation. This study proposes the use of this natural source of calcium, incorporated in tablets. The study was developed in two parts. The first was concerned with optimizing the raw material from oyster shells, from the selection process until the transformation of de oyster shell into dust; and with the physicochemical evaluation and preformulation of this dust. The second part consisted of obtaining tablets, from the development until the comparative evaluation of lyoavailability. The studies on preformulation and factorial planning of the excipients (binging agent, levigating agent and disintegrants) have made possible to obtain tables with a similar lyoavailability, in terms of economy and performance, to the medicine reference Os-cal®.


Subject(s)
Animal Shells , Calcium , Osteoporosis , Ostreidae , Tablets
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